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In the Open Building Systems, the portal frame is the most commonly adopted structure. Currently, more than 50% of warehouses in China use portal frames, which can be designed into various forms such as single slope, double slope, multi-slope, etc. Based on the structural column grid and load, various forms like equal-section or variable-section I-shaped columns and beams, or tubular columns in circular or square shapes, can be selected.
The multi-layer steel frame system's grid normally ranges from 6x6 meters to 18x18 meters, with floor loads ranging from 250 kilograms to 5000 kilograms per square meter. Along with Open’s Z-shaped steel, DECK plates, and sandwich panels, you can achieve both economical and aesthetically pleasing multi-story steel buildings.
The heavy-duty crane structure system incorporates a specially designed main steel structure complemented by high-performance secondary structures and enclosure systems.
Introduced from North America to China in 2004, Open's truss purlins are a key component of the Open Building System. For large-span projects exceeding 12 meters, Open offers an excellent solution named the "Roofpro" system.At present, the maximum span of our producible roof truss-style "Open Purlin Series" reaches 20 meters. According to design, the maximum industrial production span of the roof truss secondary beams can even reach up to 35 meters. Additionally, using steel truss roof purlins, as the top chord is made of cold-formed thin-walled steel, the color steel roofing panel can be directly fixed onto the truss without the need for additional purlins, greatly simplifying roof installation.
"Z-shaped steel" refers to corrugated web H-beam steel. Open Steel Structures has collaborated with Tongji University since 2008, conducting over two years of experimental research and completing 48 different tests to develop several specific waveforms suitable for structural use. Together, they compiled the "Technical Regulations for Corrugated Web H-beam Steel" (CECS291:2011). These waveforms have been practically applied in nearly 30 projects, covering over 300,000 square meters, filling the domestic gap in the research and standard application of corrugated web products. Z-shaped steel's primary engineering applications are largely similar to those of flat web plates, and are mainly suitable for: 1) Portal frame roof beams 2) Crane beams with a lifting capacity of up to 50 tons 3) Secondary beams for mezzanine floors 4) Wind-resistant columns Due to equipment capacity, the height of Z-shaped steel components does not exceed 1500mm, and the maximum thickness of the web is 6mm.
1) The S-shaped cold-formed top chord combines with concrete to form a "composite top chord," an excellent solution as a substitute for nails embedded in the concrete. 2) Temporary supports placed between trusses directly support the upper formwork, eliminating the need for complex scaffolding onsite. 3) Part of the top chord extends into the concrete floor slab, making the distribution of floor steel very similar to the bending moment envelope. 4) Depending on actual usage, the bottom chord of the truss can be made from different materials such as section steel, steel tubes, and cold-formed steel. 5) Diagonal rods made of round steel change their angle distribution according to the varying force regions, maximizing the material’s load-bearing performance. 6) The pre-punched oblong holes in the top chord rods provide stable support for temporary props.
Reinforcement templates combine the necessary reinforcement and formwork for concrete floor casting, eliminating formwork dismantling, simplifying construction processes, and enhancing efficiency.
Open has three types of open-web floor decks commonly used for concrete floors: the classic 2W, 3W profiles, and the economical 3W II type. Different profiles and thicknesses are chosen based on different secondary beam spacings and floor thicknesses.
OPEN's RP-SSR roofing system has passed FM certification and has been applied to over 30 million square meters of factory and warehouse roofs.
The FM certification for the steel structure industry mainly certifies the wind uplift resistance of metal roofing systems. The entire roofing system's wind resistance capability is calculated using FM's practical and effective testing methods. Almost no incidents of FM-certified roofing systems being blown off have been recorded; in contrast, uncertified roofing systems are frequently damaged by typhoons each year, resulting in significant losses.
The flexible roofing system uses PVC/TPO flexible sheet materials as the outer roof waterproofing layer, with XPS rigid insulation material or rock wool insulation material underneath, and a metal DECK at the bottom. This system is popular in developed countries, mainly because the flexible roofing system has excellent thermal insulation properties, and the roof is flat and easy to cut holes and maintain. In the flexible roofing system, B-DECK is the ideal type of metal DECK, with a 6-inch-wide platform and 1.5-inch wave height, providing sufficient strength and good integration with insulation. Typically, the B-DECK thickness is not less than 0.75mm, a requirement for wind resistance of roofing materials and for better roofing effects. In North America, B-DECK thicker than 0.75mm can replace horizontal bracing with the B-DECK system. Open’s B-DECK has passed the American FM certification.
OPEN's roofing system has obtained the authoritative "CE" certification, indicating that its roofing products not only meet strict quality requirements but also achieve the unified high standards of safety in the EU market.
OPEN's Roof Load-bearing Sheet are now widely used in overseas projects, and the fire resistance time of the roofing system can reach 30min through the European fire resistance test
The most commonly used exterior panels for prefabricated light steel buildings are vertical rib single-layer panels. VR-II is Open’s most classic vertical rib panel, selected after more than a decade of comparison.
For customers who want their building’s exterior panels to be both economical and flat, VR-822 is an excellent choice. Its main ribs face inward, and its 200mm wide valleys face outward, creating a semi-hidden state for the self-tapping screws, which is very aesthetically pleasing.
In 2000, Bosch Suzhou first adopted the German-imported HR-780, henceforth, this German industrial style of horizontal corrugated panel became popular throughout China, not only favored by industrial enterprises but also by logistics real estate developers. Most of Prologis’ parks adopt this type of panel. Open’s HR-780 has become even more refined and attractive over the years.
Q900 liner panels, installed at the underside of the roof purlins, provide a neat, bright, and beautiful interior and can also be used as inner wall liners. They offer additional support to the entire roof purlin system against wind uplift, while also protecting the roof insulation materials and saving energy.
Open owns internationally advanced continuous production lines for rock wool and polyurethane sandwich panels – Bayer-Hennecke equipment imported from Germany – meeting the requirements of high-end clients for exterior wall effects, with energy-saving, insulation, and aesthetics being the main features of the sandwich panels.
VR-1026 is a type of wall panel from Open’s enclosure system, suitable for widespread use in industrial buildings and industrial parks.
VR-III deep corrugated profile is a sleek and elegant vertical rib profile, comparable to curtain wall visual effects.
Open’s affiliate, Shanghai FastLink, is a high-tech enterprise in Shanghai, with a series of self-developed products including lift-up doors, single-panel doors, fast doors, flexible lift doors, hangar doors, free doors, loading platform door seals, truck restraints, and large industrial fans. Its main products have passed European CE certification, hold multiple technical patents, and can be custom designed according to customer needs, enhancing the standard and completeness of Open Building Systems, ensuring excellent buildings have a more reliable and presentable "face."
For conventional double-sloped single-ridge logistics warehouses, Open uses an external gutter + free-fall water drainage system. In areas with heavy rainfall, an external gutter edge slightly lower than the eaves on the inside can be used, along with a vase-shaped rainwater funnel with overflow capacity, ensuring that gutter water spills outward when the instantaneous rainfall exceeds design values.
Open’s mainstream ventilation system can be widely applied to various public buildings, steel structure factories, logistics and storage buildings, etc.
As the economy and urban infrastructure construction rapidly develop, the demand for new building materials for various constructions also increases. As an accessory to buildings, Open Steel Structures can integrate performance with design, ensuring both safety and aesthetics.
The CS-Frame Structure System is an innovative construction model developed by Open for multi-story frame structure buildings. Its uniquely invented "four-corner steel tube and plate combination columns" matched with on-site prefabricated concrete beams, support-free steel trusses combined with concrete beams, and steel truss floor bearing plates form an innovative architectural system. The CS-Frame System, with core technologies like CS-Frame columns, CS-Frame beams, optimized chord beams, optimized end beams, optimized ribs, and optimized nodes, can be flexibly combined as needed, overcoming the disadvantages of high formwork construction methods, suitable for constructing various types of multi-story frame buildings.
CS-Frame columns are composed of four-corner square tubes and corrugated side plates welded together, with concrete cast inside. The construction is template-free, support-free, fire-resistant, and ductile. Compared to equally reinforced concrete columns, CS-Frame columns have a 40% higher compressive strength, a 150% higher shear capacity, and a 22% higher bending capacity. Adopting CS-Frame columns and the Jieyue 2.0 system eliminates the need for scaffolding and traditional formwork, saving about two months for a large frame structure project 10 meters high and 30,000 square meters in size.
CS-Frame beams are mainly composed of corrugated webs, with pre-embedded sleeves for post-tensioned prestressed steel strands, eliminating the need for high formwork, providing good rigidity, high load-bearing capacity, light weight, and low cost for on-site concrete casting.
Optimized nodes are Open’s unique joint design, allowing for the easy and secure connection of concrete components to the steel structure.
Optimized end beams use a CS-Frame beam construction at both ends, with concrete cast inside. The lower flange of the end is compressed by concrete, while a steel beam is used in the span center, making it convenient to integrate with floor slabs, lightweight, and cost-effective.
Quick-assembly stairs developed by Open provide a new solution for stair construction with a light and convenient assembly-based installation method.
Optimized truss plates are a new type of prefabricated building floor bearing plate developed by Open, assembled from steel trusses and fiber cement pressure plates using special connectors. Optimized truss plates eliminate the need for formwork installation and removal, saving a significant amount of scaffolding, formwork, and labor onsite, with high construction efficiency and good surface flatness. They are in line with prefabrication trends and have broad application prospects.
Steel tube shell walls are composed of alternating rectangular steel tubes and corrugated steel plates; Steel plate shell walls are composed of alternating flat steel plates and corrugated steel plates; Concrete is cast inside the corrugated cavity to form a composite shear wall.
Steel rod CS-Frame columns are an important part of the shell structure, with their smaller cross-sectional area suitable for office buildings, commercial buildings, etc., forming a complete architectural system with Open shell walls.
